all — Expert Playground

List of public names exported by a module with 'from module import *'

Python Playground

# __all__ internals
import sys

# Inspect how Python stores attributes
class Example:
    class_var = "shared"

    def __init__(self):
        self.instance_var = "unique"

obj = Example()

# Class vs instance namespace
print("Class namespace keys:", list(Example.__dict__.keys())[:5])
print("Instance namespace:", obj.__dict__)

# Size comparison
print(f"\nClass dict size: {sys.getsizeof(Example.__dict__)} bytes")
print(f"Instance dict size: {sys.getsizeof(obj.__dict__)} bytes")

# Attribute lookup chain
print(f"\nMRO: {[c.__name__ for c in Example.__mro__]}")

Output

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Understanding the internals helps with advanced debugging and framework development.

Challenge

Try modifying the code above to explore different behaviors. Can you extend the example to handle a new use case?

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__all__ — Expert Playground

Challenge

all — Expert Playground